List of L1 projects on Ethereum (2026)

Gnosis Chain is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 network designed to onboard local currency stablecoins, using xDAI as its native gas token for sub-cent transaction fees. Validators stake GNO to secure the network, with base fees partially used to buy back and burn GNO, while governance is managed by GnosisDAO through GNO token voting. The chain provides fiat on/off-ramps and hosts blue-chip DeFi protocols to support stablecoin utility across global markets.

Berachain Network implements EVM-identical execution through BeaconKit consensus layer, enabling single-slot finality and Proof-of-Liquidity validation. The system coordinates validator incentives with liquidity provision while maintaining full Ethereum compatibility.

Sonic is an EVM-compatible L1 blockchain that achieves 400,000 TPS with sub-second finality through advanced consensus mechanisms, database storage optimization, and virtual machine enhancements. The platform includes Fee Monetization allowing developers to earn up to 90% of generated network fees.

Tezos implements a self-amending blockchain through on-chain governance, enabling protocol upgrades without hard forks. The system uses Proof of Stake consensus while supporting formal verification for smart contracts.

Moonbeam is an Ethereum-compatible L1 parachain on Polkadot for deploying smart contracts with cross-chain interoperability.

Moonriver is a companion L1 parachain on Kusama that provides an Ethereum-compatible environment to test and run applications before Moonbeam deployment.

GateChain is a Layer 1 blockchain that provides independent proof-of-stake consensus and settlement for digital asset transfers. It offers vault account functionality and transaction revocability features, processing transactions using its native asset for fees and staking. The network serves as the settlement layer for other Gate products, including a connected Layer 2 network.

Substrate-based blockchain implementing Yuma Consensus for AI incentive mechanisms, enabling decentralized subnet coordination and TAO token emissions through stake-weighted validation of machine intelligence outputs.

Kava Network is a Layer-1 blockchain that combines a Cosmos SDK chain and an EVM-compatible Ethereum Co-Chain so developers can deploy smart-contract applications that access both Cosmos IBC assets and Ethereum tooling.

Plume Chain is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain engineered for real-world asset tokenization and DeFi integration. The protocol provides modular infrastructure supporting automated compliance screening at the sequencer level, native cross-chain messaging via LayerZero integration, and composable tokenized asset deployment through standardized ERC-4626 and ERC-7540 vault architectures for institutional RWA strategies.

A Layer‑1 blockchain optimized for DePIN and real‑world AI, enabling secure settlement and transactions between machines and physical networks.

KuCoin Community Chain is a Layer 1 blockchain using a proof-of-staked-authority consensus mechanism to process transactions with short block times. It is compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine, allowing existing smart contract tooling to deploy on the network, and uses a native token to pay gas fees. Developers use the network to build and run decentralized applications with low transaction costs.

A public, proof-of-stake Layer 1 blockchain optimized for institutional-grade real-world assets. Features RWA staking for network security, enshrined oracles, permissioned validators, and native cross-chain bridging capabilities.

Pythnet is an application-specific blockchain built on Solana codebase that aggregates first-party price data at sub-second speeds for the Pyth oracle network. The blockchain processes price updates from data publishers and delivers aggregated pricing to other blockchains via Wormhole cross-chain messaging protocol. Pythnet enables price feed scaling to tens of thousands of updates per second with 400ms slot times.

Mixin Network operates as a layer-1 blockchain using PoS consensus with BFT-DAG architecture, enabling cross-chain asset transfers and sub-second transaction finality. The network supports multiple blockchains through trusted execution environments while maintaining zero transaction fees.

BandChain is a blockchain built using the Cosmos SDK and optimized for oracle data requests and computations. The network uses delegated proof-of-stake consensus with validators staking BAND tokens to secure the network and process data requests. BandChain achieves average block finality of 3 seconds and resolves data requests in under 6 seconds through its specialized architecture for oracle operations.

GRX Chain is an EVM-compatible Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) blockchain developed within the GroveX ecosystem. The network supports smart contracts, staking, governance, cross-chain asset interoperability, and decentralized applications.

BounceBit Chain provides dual-token PoS consensus using Bitcoin and BB tokens for network security, enabling EVM-compatible smart contracts while leveraging Bitcoin's security model for institutional-grade infrastructure.

Astar Network operates as a Layer 1 blockchain on Substrate, functioning as a Polkadot parachain with dual smart contract execution supporting Ethereum Virtual Machine and WebAssembly environments. The platform enables cross-chain interoperability through Polkadot's relay chain architecture and distributes block rewards between validators and developers via a dApp staking mechanism.

Elixir Network is a modular DPoS blockchain designed for institutional-scale liquidity provision. The network enables decentralized market making across orderbook exchanges through validator consensus and fraud proofs posted to Ethereum mainnet.

Arc Blockchain is a stablecoin-native Layer 1 network that settles payments, foreign exchange, and tokenized asset transfers. It pairs a Byzantine fault tolerant consensus protocol with an EVM-compatible execution layer, giving deterministic finality in under a second and transaction fees denominated in a dollar stablecoin. A permissioned validator set secures it, and opt-in privacy controls shield transaction detail while preserving auditability.

Oasis Sapphire is a confidential computing environment for blockchain developers. It helps users build privacy-preserving applications through encrypted smart contract execution that protects sensitive data.

Oasis Privacy Layer is a tool for adding privacy to existing apps. It helps users protect sensitive actions through confidential smart contracts on Sapphire.

Privado Identity Chain is a blockchain network serving as the primary chain for user identities in the Privado ID ecosystem. Operating with Chain ID 21000, it acts as the authoritative source of identity state, enabling other EVM-compatible chains to synchronize with it to prevent credential fragmentation across networks. DIDs created on the chain use the prefix did:iden3:privado:main:.

Somnia Blockchain is an EVM-compatible layer 1 network using MultiStream consensus, IceDB database technology, and accelerated sequential execution designed for high throughput and low latency transaction processing.

Unit Network is a Layer 1 blockchain supporting token creation, decentralized exchange functionality, crowdfunding mechanisms, and banking services. The system enables tokenization of real-world assets while maintaining treasury-backed token value through reserve asset integration.

(previously 3AChain) is an Enterprise blockchain solution for fintech and industries, born in Lugano with 99% Uptime, Institutional Validators, Full EVM Compatibility and Bitcoin Anchoring, offering advanced tools for traceability, automation, and security of business systems.

Xvitesse Blockchain implements delegated Proof of Stake consensus through EVM-compatible infrastructure, enabling smart contract deployment and payment processing. The system processes transactions with 12-second block times while supporting up to 1,999 validators for network security.

Ritual Chain implements sovereign Layer 1 blockchain architecture optimized for AI-native operations, providing specialized execution environment for heterogeneous compute workloads. The chain features custom VM with AI model primitives and cross-chain interoperability.

Collaterize Protocol facilitates tokenization of real-world assets using blockchain, enhancing interoperability and liquidity across financial ecosystems.