List of L1 companies in Web3 (2026)

Ethereum is a decentralized platform for building applications using blockchain technology and smart contracts.

Bitcoin’s public ledger, an ordered and timestamped record of transactions. This system is used to protect against double spending and modification of previous transaction records.

BNB Chain is a decentralized blockchain network designed for developing and deploying smart contracts, dApps, and supporting DeFi. It operates as a scalable Layer 1 platform, offering fast transaction processing and low fees, making it suitable for a wide range of blockchain applications. The network is compatible with the EVM and is focused on fostering a robust ecosystem for Web3 developers.

Avalanche Network implements high-performance consensus through a novel protocol combining classical and Nakamoto consensus, enabling thousands of transactions per second and near-instant finality. The system features three integrated blockchains while supporting horizontal scaling through custom L1 deployments.

The Aptos Mainnet is a Layer-1 blockchain designed for scalable and secure decentralized applications. It uses the Move programming language and technologies like Block-STM for parallel execution and AptosBFTv4 for consensus, offering high throughput and low-latency transaction processing. It supports applications in areas such as DeFi, gaming, and social platforms​

Cosmos Hub is the first blockchain in the Cosmos ecosystem, providing security and interoperability infrastructure for the network through proof-of-stake consensus and IBC protocol support.

Cardano Blockchain is a proof-of-stake Layer 1 protocol using the Ouroboros consensus mechanism, supporting smart contracts through the EUTXO model and native multi-asset functionality. The system processes transactions through epoch-based slot leadership selection while maintaining decentralized validation across stake pools.

Gnosis Chain is a community-owned EVM-compatible network with low gas fees and fast transaction times.

Berachain Network implements EVM-identical execution through BeaconKit consensus layer, enabling single-slot finality and Proof-of-Liquidity validation. The system coordinates validator incentives with liquidity provision while maintaining full Ethereum compatibility.

Hyperliquid L1 is a blockchain built for on-chain trading. It helps users execute trades efficiently by integrating an order book into the network.

Public, open-source, and permissionless blockchain with high speed and low fees.

The Algorand mainnet processes transactions and executes smart contracts with instant finality through Pure Proof-of-Stake consensus. The network eliminates forks by design, settling transactions in seconds with low fees. Validators participate permissionlessly while the protocol maintains energy efficiency and supports post-quantum cryptographic standards.

NEAR Blockchain is a sharded Layer 1 protocol implementing Nightshade consensus for parallel transaction processing across multiple validator-operated shards. The network utilizes Doomslug consensus mechanism providing practical finality after one communication round and full BFT finality after two rounds. Smart contracts execute via WebAssembly runtime supporting JavaScript and Rust languages, with 30% of transaction fees rebated to contract developers and 70% burned to reduce supply.

Hedera Network operates a public distributed ledger using hashgraph consensus with integrated services for smart contract execution, native token management, consensus timestamping, and file storage. The network implements EVM-compatible smart contracts through Besu virtual machine, enables token creation without contracts through Hedera Token Service supporting ERC-20 and ERC-721 standards, provides decentralized message ordering through Hedera Consensus Service, and offers distributed file storage with controlled mutability. Transactions process through leaderless consensus using gossip-about-gossip protocol and virtual voting to achieve asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance with proof-of-stake validation.

GateChain implements proof-of-stake consensus for digital asset transfers with vault account functionality and transaction revocability features. The network processes up to 2,745 transactions per second with 4-second block times using GT for transaction fees and staking.

Kava Network is a Layer-1 blockchain that combines a Cosmos SDK chain and an EVM-compatible Ethereum Co-Chain so developers can deploy smart-contract applications that access both Cosmos IBC assets and Ethereum tooling.

Moonbeam is an Ethereum-compatible L1 parachain on Polkadot for deploying smart contracts with cross-chain interoperability.

Monad is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain with high throughput and sub‑second finality. It uses parallel execution, asynchronous consensus, and a custom state database to improve performance while keeping Ethereum bytecode compatibility.

A Layer‑1 blockchain optimized for DePIN and real‑world AI, enabling secure settlement and transactions between machines and physical networks.

Filecoin Network is a Layer 1 blockchain that enables decentralized data storage through economic incentives, connecting storage providers with clients via cryptographic proofs and smart contracts.

Alchemy Chain is a Layer 1 blockchain designed for stablecoin-driven global payments, featuring fixed ACH gas fees, FIFO transaction processing, and on-chain conversion rates for cross-border remittances.

Converge is a blockchain settlement layer for traditional finance and digital dollars, enabling tokenized asset issuance and institutional-grade financial applications. The platform features sub-second block times through Arbitrum Orbit architecture and uses USDe and other digital dollar assets as native gas tokens.

Substrate-based blockchain implementing Yuma Consensus for AI incentive mechanisms, enabling decentralized subnet coordination and TAO token emissions through stake-weighted validation of machine intelligence outputs.

The core EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain platform that provides 1-second block times, 4,000 TPS capacity, and immediate finality. It serves as the foundational infrastructure for the entire ecosystem.

Mixin Network operates as a layer-1 blockchain using PoS consensus with BFT-DAG architecture, enabling cross-chain asset transfers and sub-second transaction finality. The network supports multiple blockchains through trusted execution environments while maintaining zero transaction fees.

KCC implements Proof of Staked Authority consensus through optimized block validation, enabling high-performance transaction processing with 3-second confirmations. The system supports Ethereum Virtual Machine compatibility while maintaining low transaction costs using KCS as native gas token.

A public, proof-of-stake Layer 1 blockchain optimized for institutional-grade real-world assets. Features RWA staking for network security, enshrined oracles, permissioned validators, and native cross-chain bridging capabilities.

A modular Layer-1 blockchain that coordinates Universal Accounts across chains and unifies users and liquidity. It exposes three core capabilities—Universal Accounts, Universal Liquidity, and Universal Gas—so dApps can be chain‑agnostic while users keep one address and balance and can pay gas with any token.

Plasma is a layer 1 blockchain designed for stablecoin payments, featuring zero-fee USD₮ transfers, custom gas tokens, and confidential transactions. The network uses PlasmaBFT consensus to process thousands of transactions per second with sub-second finality, enabling developers to build payment applications with full EVM compatibility.

Oraichain Mainnet is a Layer 1 blockchain built on Cosmos SDK with delegated proof-of-stake consensus, enabling AI oracle services and cross-chain data verification. The network provides IBC compatibility for trustless communication with other Cosmos chains while supporting CosmWasm smart contracts for AI-enhanced dApp deployment. Validators secure the network through ORAI token staking and execute oracle scripts that verify AI API responses through test case validation before writing data on-chain.

BandChain is a blockchain built using the Cosmos SDK and optimized for oracle data requests and computations. The network uses delegated proof-of-stake consensus with validators staking BAND tokens to secure the network and process data requests. BandChain achieves average block finality of 3 seconds and resolves data requests in under 6 seconds through its specialized architecture for oracle operations.

Layer-1 blockchain built on Cosmos SDK designed for AI workloads, featuring verifiable AI execution, decentralized GPU marketplace, and tokenized data infrastructure.

Bifrost Network is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain using proof of stake for fast, low-cost transactions. The network runs smart contracts and supports native cross-chain operations.

Dash Core implements a Layer 1 blockchain through X11 algorithm and two-tier architecture, enabling instant verification and secure transactions. The system utilizes ChainLocks and InstantSend for fast settlement while maintaining security through masternode consensus.

Fetch Network implements Cosmos SDK-based blockchain through Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism, enabling agent registration, smart contract execution, and cross-chain interoperability. The network provides CosmWasm support while maintaining transaction finality and validator staking capabilities.

Kusama Relay Chain is a public Layer-1 blockchain providing shared security and interoperability for parachains and applications built for rapid innovation.

A dual-token blockchain providing high-performance smart contract execution and consensus mechanisms optimized for enterprise applications requiring privacy and scalability.

BounceBit Chain provides dual-token PoS consensus using Bitcoin and BB tokens for network security, enabling EVM-compatible smart contracts while leveraging Bitcoin's security model for institutional-grade infrastructure.

IOTA Mainnet is a Move-based Layer 1 blockchain with an object-centric architecture for decentralized applications, supporting high throughput, fast finality, and staking for network security.

Metal Blockchain provides Layer 1 blockchain infrastructure for financial institutions using Avalanche consensus protocols, enabling creation of private subnets with BSA compliance and interoperability features.

MegaChain is an L1 blockchain that coordinates the MegaYours ecosystem through Chromia's relational architecture, enabling horizontal scalability via app chains and processing usage fees denominated in MEGA. The chain serves as the central settlement and state-coordination layer for cross-chain asset operations, facilitating metadata verification across connected networks.

Layer-1 EVM-compatible blockchain secured by Proof-of-Stake with native KUB coin.

dYdX Chain operates as an independent Layer 1 blockchain built with Cosmos SDK and Tendermint Proof-of-Stake consensus. The blockchain facilitates perpetual contract and spot trading through a fully decentralized order book and matching engine, processing transactions with validators securing the network through DYDX token staking.

Flare Network is a full-stack layer 1 blockchain designed for data-intensive use cases, featuring enshrined data protocols and EVM compatibility. The network provides fast finality with 1.8-second average block times and enables developers to access external blockchain data and real-world APIs through its native oracle infrastructure.

MultiversX Blockchain operates as a Layer 1 protocol using adaptive state sharding, enabling parallel transaction processing across multiple shards. The system maintains network security through Secure Proof of Stake consensus while supporting WASM-based smart contracts and native asset creation.

Elixir Network is a modular DPoS blockchain designed for institutional-scale liquidity provision. The network enables decentralized market making across orderbook exchanges through validator consensus and fraud proofs posted to Ethereum mainnet.

A Cosmos SDK blockchain using Tendermint BFT consensus that serves as the settlement, governance, and coordination layer for the Lava protocol. The chain manages validator staking, provider registration, subscription payments, quality-of-service dispute resolution, and decentralized governance for blockchain data access infrastructure.

Monero Network is a decentralized blockchain platform that validates transactions through a proof-of-work consensus mechanism using the RandomX algorithm. The network maintains transaction privacy through ring signatures that obscure sender identities, stealth addresses that hide recipient information, and RingCT technology that conceals transaction amounts. Network participants mine blocks approximately every two minutes, with tail emission providing perpetual mining incentives after the initial supply distribution.

Osmosis Chain is a proof-of-stake Layer 1 blockchain built on Cosmos SDK as an application-specific blockchain for decentralized exchange operations. The chain uses Tendermint consensus and Inter-Blockchain Communication protocol for cross-chain asset transfers across multiple blockchain ecosystems. The system supports Superfluid Staking for combined liquidity provision and network security, captures MEV on-chain through its Protocol Revenue module, and offers smart accounts with multi-token gas payment options.

Core Chain is an EVM-compatible Layer-1 blockchain using Satoshi Plus consensus, which integrates Delegated Proof of Work from Bitcoin miners, Delegated Proof of Stake from CORE token holders, and self-custodial Bitcoin staking via Bitcoin's native CLTV timelock opcode. Validators are elected each round based on a hybrid score across all three delegation sources. The network produces blocks with sub-cent gas fees and supports Solidity smart contracts, DeFi protocols, NFTs, and cross-chain bridges.

Internet Computer Protocol is a L1 blockchain that extends the internet with native computing functionality, enabling smart contracts to serve web content directly and interact with other blockchains through chain-key cryptography.

Iron Fish implements a proof-of-work Layer-1 blockchain using zero-knowledge proofs to encrypt every transaction, enabling private transfers of digital assets. The system utilizes zk-SNARKs for validation while maintaining compliance through view keys and WebRTC networking for peer-to-peer connections.

Manta Atlantic functions as a Polkadot parachain implementing zero-knowledge proof technology for privacy-preserving identity credentials through zkSBTs. The network utilizes Substrate framework enabling zkNFT minting, staking operations, and zkAddress system providing UTXO-based private addressing alongside public account addresses. Operations integrate with Polkadot relay chain for consensus security.

ONUS Chain is a fast, EVM-compatible blockchain built on the BNB Sidechain framework. It supports smart contracts, low-cost transactions, and DeFi apps within the ONUS ecosystem. Powered by the ONUS token, it enables seamless cross-chain operations and is fully integrated with the ONUS App.

peaq Network is a layer-1 blockchain designed for DePINs and the Machine Economy, featuring modular functions for machine identities, access control, payments, and data verification. The network provides high throughput, low fees, specialized infrastructure for connecting billions of devices, and developer SDKs for JavaScript, Kotlin, Swift, and Flutter

Shentu Chain is an L1 chain with delegated proof-of-stake consensus through Cosmos SDK architecture, providing security-focused blockchain infrastructure for decentralized applications. The system processes transactions while maintaining cross-chain interoperability through formal verification integration.

Agoric is a Layer 1 blockchain built on Cosmos SDK with CometBFT consensus, enabling JavaScript smart contracts through hardened JavaScript and Zoe framework. The platform supports asynchronous multi-block execution with on-chain timers, native IBC and Axelar GMP integration for cross-chain orchestration, and includes Smart Wallet infrastructure for offer-safe interactions with decentralized applications.

HeLa Chain is a Layer 1 blockchain with modular execution, consensus, guardian, and AI layers. It offers EVM compatibility, decentralized identity, and uses a fiat‑backed stablecoin for gas.

Astar Network operates as a Layer 1 blockchain on Substrate, functioning as a Polkadot parachain with dual smart contract execution supporting Ethereum Virtual Machine and WebAssembly environments. The platform enables cross-chain interoperability through Polkadot's relay chain architecture and distributes block rewards between validators and developers via a dApp staking mechanism.

Babylon Genesis is a Cosmos SDK-based L1 blockchain that serves as the first Bitcoin Supercharged Network, utilizing both Bitcoin and BABY token staking through dual consensus mechanisms. The protocol implements CometBFT consensus with IBC compatibility and CosmWasm smart contract support while functioning as the control plane for Bitcoin security orchestration to other BSNs.

Nimiq Blockchain is a browser-native Layer 1 network using Albatross Proof-of-Stake consensus, enabling direct peer-to-peer payments without intermediaries. The system supports instant transactions with automatic gas management and IBAN-formatted addresses for usability.

Custom Layer 1 blockchain built on Avalanche for gaming infrastructure and development.

Noble Blockchain is a Cosmos SDK application-specific blockchain built for native asset issuance, focusing on stablecoins and real-world assets. The system uses IBC protocol for cross-chain interoperability and Proof of Authority consensus to provide specialized infrastructure for asset issuers across the Interchain ecosystem.

A decentralized protocol for community-driven microservices and DePIN applications, leveraging attention tracking and cross-chain interoperability.

Chiliz Chain is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain using Proof of Staked Authority consensus mechanism, enabling sports organizations and developers to deploy decentralized applications for fan engagement. The network operates with validator nodes from sports teams, blockchain companies, and enterprise partners, facilitating transaction finality in seconds with sub-cent transaction fees denominated in CHZ.

Vara Network is a Substrate-based Layer 1 blockchain powered by the Gear Protocol. It uses a Nominated Proof-of-Stake consensus, the Actor model for program communication, persistent memory, and WebAssembly execution. The network supports gasless and signless transactions, asynchronous processing, and on-chain governance through the OpenGov framework.

Amadeus Protocol is an AI-native Layer 1 blockchain combining Useful Proof of Work and BFT consensus for 0.5-second finality. The chain runs a deterministic execution runtime for AI agents through WASM smart contracts, on-chain memory, and TEE-backed privacy pools. Nova AI, the integrated ML orchestration layer, compiles natural language input into versioned, self-improving agents with immutable learning histories. Stellaris, the trading vertical, enables deterministic agent strategies across DeFi, CEXs, and prediction markets with confidential execution.

Celestia Mainnet operates a proof-of-stake blockchain implementing data availability sampling through erasure coding and namespaced Merkle trees, enabling light nodes to verify block data availability without downloading entire blocks. The network processes PayForBlobs transactions for rollups to publish data, with blocks initially sized between 2MB and 8MB, upgradeable through governance. Built on Cosmos SDK with modified Tendermint consensus, the system separates consensus and data availability from execution, allowing developers to deploy custom rollups using Celestia as the base layer.

Heima L1 Network is a Layer 1 blockchain built on Substrate that serves as the coordination and registry layer for the Heima chain abstraction protocol. It connects to Polkadot as a parachain, inheriting shared security, and provides the execution environment for cross-chain intent routing and agent management. The chain is EVM-compatible and targets 500ms block times to support real-time DeFi operations.

(previously 3AChain) is an Enterprise blockchain solution for fintech and industries, born in Lugano with 99% Uptime, Institutional Validators, Full EVM Compatibility and Bitcoin Anchoring, offering advanced tools for traceability, automation, and security of business systems.

Oasis Sapphire is a confidential computing environment for blockchain developers. It helps users build privacy-preserving applications through encrypted smart contract execution that protects sensitive data.

Canton Network implements privacy-enabled blockchain infrastructure through Daml smart contracts and sync domains, enabling institutional asset tokenization and confidential transactions. The system provides sub-transaction privacy while maintaining real-time synchronization across participant nodes through the Global Synchronizer protocol.

CoinEx Smart Chain implements proof-of-stake consensus through validator nodes and smart contract functionality, enabling decentralized application deployment. The blockchain supports Ethereum Virtual Machine compatibility while maintaining sub-second block generation and low transaction fees using CET as native gas.

Fogo Layer 1 implements multi-local consensus through pure Firedancer client, enabling sub-millisecond finality and real-time trading experiences. The system utilizes curated validator sets with dynamic colocation to achieve institutional-grade performance while maintaining SVM compatibility.

ONINO Mainnet is a Layer-1 blockchain that supports EVM-compatible smart contracts using Proof‑of‑Stake. It enables sub‑chain deployment for enterprise applications and uses ONI as the native gas token for fees and staking rewards.

Nolus Pirin is a Cosmos SDK-based Layer-1 blockchain utilizing Tendermint consensus and CosmWASM smart contracts. The network enables cross-chain lending markets through IBC and Interchain Accounts, supporting DeFi Lease operations with semi-permissioned PoS validation.

Oasys Hub Layer is the Layer 1 base chain of the Oasys ecosystem, using a Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism and EVM compatibility. It functions as the settlement and data availability layer for Verse-Layer L2s, with 15-second block times. End users pay no gas fees for in-game transactions; Verse Builders pay rollup costs to the Hub Layer. The mainnet launched in October 2022 with 21 initial validators including SEGA, Ubisoft, and Bandai Namco Research.

Mavryk Network is a layer-1 blockchain for real-world asset tokenization, supporting smart contracts, staking, and decentralized applications for institutional and retail use.

A layer-1 blockchain with a fixed 22KB size that implements recursive zero knowledge proofs through the Kimchi-Pickles proof system and Ouroboros Samasika consensus, enabling lightweight verification from any device.

Coreum Enterprise-grade Layer-1 is a blockchain platform built for decentralized applications. It offers scalability, security, and cross-chain interoperability, featuring Smart Tokens with built-in business logic and ISO 20022 compatibility for financial messaging. Designed for industries like decentralized finance (DeFi), tokenized assets, and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), Coreum supports high transaction throughput and low-cost operations

Concordium is a Layer 1 blockchain that uses ConcordiumBFT, a Proof-of-Stake consensus based on HotStuff, to achieve near-instant finality with 2.5-second block times. The protocol integrates identity verification and zero-knowledge proofs at the base layer, enabling compliant stablecoin issuance, geofenced transactions, and privacy-preserving credential sharing.

Gravity Mainnet is a restaking-powered Proof-of-Stake Layer 1 blockchain featuring Reth as its EVM execution engine, Jolteon consensus algorithm, and native support for cross-chain transactions through omnichain intent protocols.

Arc implements a purpose-built Layer-1 architecture through Malachite consensus, enabling USDC-denominated transaction fees and deterministic sub-second finality. The system provides built-in FX capabilities while maintaining EVM compatibility and optional privacy features for enterprise stablecoin applications.

Core blockchain infrastructure for the Hypertensor protocol

Collaterize Protocol facilitates tokenization of real-world assets using blockchain, enhancing interoperability and liquidity across financial ecosystems.

Ozone Kite AI Blockchain is an AI-optimized L1 blockchain designed specifically for the computational and storage demands of AI models and agents. The blockchain implements Proof of Artificial Intelligence (PoAI) for transparent tracking and fair attribution, enabling trustless collaboration across data, models, and agents with integrated compute resources and data pipelines.

DMD Diamond Blockchain provides decentralized application infrastructure through community validation, enabling fast transaction processing and automated governance systems. The system maintains network security while supporting smart contract deployment and staking rewards distribution.

A multi-blockchain fabric platform utilizing patented shared-block architecture to enable private, scalable data exchange. The platform creates independently encrypted blocks for each interaction where multiple blockchains synchronize states to form shared blocks accessible only to authorized participants. Supporting parallel block creation for horizontal scalability, the system handles millions of transactions per second with object-level encryption and quantum-resistant capabilities. Users operate individual chains that interact through encrypted shared blocks, maintaining full data ownership and control over access permissions.

1Money Network is a Layer 1 distributed ledger that uses Byzantine Consistent Broadcast protocol for instant stablecoin transactions. The system processes over 250,000 transactions per second without blocks or smart contracts, enabling fixed-fee payments in the same stablecoin being transferred. The architecture includes native compliance features and permissioned validator requirements.

The Root Network is a Layer 1 blockchain built for the open metaverse with XRP as the default gas token. The network supports dynamic NFTs, multi-token gas economy, decentralized identity, and cross-chain interoperability with Ethereum and XRP Ledger through native bridging capabilities.

Inversion Chain is a custom Layer 1 blockchain built on Avalanche designed to support crypto-native private equity operations. The system provides permissioning at validator levels, privacy features, EVM compatibility, and native interoperability to facilitate business acquisition and blockchain integration strategies.

Programmable datachain combining storage and execution for efficient dApp development.

Midnight Blockchain operates as a partner chain to Cardano, using zero-knowledge proofs to enable privacy-preserving smart contracts while maintaining regulatory compliance through selective disclosure mechanisms.

Alastria Blockchain Platform is Spain's public-permissioned multi-sector blockchain infrastructure offering two network implementations: T Network based on Quorum technology and B Network built on Hyperledger Besu. The platform provides enterprise-grade distributed ledger services with regulatory compliance, digital identity integration, and interoperability with European EBSI and Latin American LACChain networks.

Ambient is a Solana SVM–compatible Proof of Work Layer‑1 providing verified AI inference via a Proof of Logits approach. Miners perform inference, fine‑tuning, and training while earning protocol rewards. The chain is a Solana fork that replaces PoS with PoW while retaining SVM performance characteristics.

Anoma is a distributed operating system that enables intent-centric application development across multiple blockchains. The system allows users to express desired outcomes through intents rather than constructing explicit transactions, while solvers automatically execute these intents across connected chains.

Linera is a Layer 1 blockchain protocol designed for horizontal scalability through the use of microchains, which run in parallel to handle large-scale Web3 applications. It allows developers to build decentralized applications with low latency and high throughput, optimized for use cases like payments, gaming, and decentralized finance (DeFi). The Linera SDK enables developers to easily interact with the microchain infrastructure and deploy scalable blockchain solutions.

MindChain is a blockchain for encrypted data processing. It helps users protect sensitive information through private computation and cross-chain communication.