List of L1 companies in Web3 (2026)

Ethereum Mainnet is a Layer 1 blockchain network that executes smart contracts and processes transactions through a Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism. It supports the EVM, allowing developers to deploy decentralized applications and ERC-20 tokens against a shared onchain state. The network secures transactions via validators that stake ETH as collateral and earn rewards for honest validation.

Solana Mainnet is a Layer 1 blockchain that uses Proof of History to timestamp transactions before consensus, enabling parallel rather than sequential execution. The architecture combines Tower BFT consensus with the Sealevel runtime, reducing validator communication overhead while securing the network through Proof of Stake. The chain supports SPL tokens and high-throughput applications like order books and payments.

Bitcoin Network is a Layer 1 blockchain that orders and timestamps transactions through Proof-of-Work consensus, with miners adding blocks to a public distributed ledger. The system protects against double spending and historical tampering by requiring economic cost to extend or rewrite the chain. The network secures peer-to-peer transfers of BTC and underpins the broader Bitcoin asset ecosystem including Layer 2 networks like Lightning.

BNB Chain is a decentralized blockchain network designed for developing and deploying smart contracts, dApps, and supporting DeFi. It operates as a scalable Layer 1 platform, offering fast transaction processing and low fees, making it suitable for a wide range of blockchain applications. The network is compatible with the EVM and is focused on fostering a robust ecosystem for Web3 developers.

TRON is an L1 network that uses Delegated Proof of Stake consensus with EVM-compatible smart contract execution, enabling high-throughput decentralized applications and asset transfers. The system processes thousands of transactions per second through an Energy and Bandwidth resource model, providing infrastructure for high-volume payments, decentralized finance, and autonomous AI agent payments.

Avalanche Network is a Layer 1 blockchain platform that uses a consensus protocol based on repeated subsampled voting, combining classical and Nakamoto-style designs for sub-second finality. The platform features three integrated chains P-Chain, X-Chain, and C-Chain that handle staking, asset issuance, and EVM smart contracts, respectively. The network supports horizontal scaling through custom Layer 1 deployments.

TON Blockchain is a layer-1 network providing independent consensus and native settlement for The Open Network ecosystem. It uses multi-level dynamic sharding through a masterchain coordinator, splitting transaction processing across multiple workchains and shardchains that scale horizontally under load. The architecture supports the full TON stack including Storage, DNS, Proxy, and Payments while maintaining atomic cross-shard message routing.

Aptos Mainnet is a Layer 1 blockchain built with the Move programming language for resource-oriented smart contract execution. The network processes transactions in parallel through Block-STM and uses BFT-based consensus to provide sub-second finality with low transaction fees. It supports DeFi, payments, gaming, and enterprise applications with native account abstraction and on-chain upgradeability.

A Layer 1 blockchain that provides shared security and cross-chain messaging for connected rollups and parachains. The relay chain coordinates validator consensus, validates transactions across the network, and allocates blockspace through a coretime marketplace that replaced fixed parachain slot auctions.

Sui implements object-centric blockchain architecture through Move programming language, enabling parallel transaction processing and horizontal scaling. The system achieves sub-second finality while maintaining low transaction costs through innovative consensus mechanisms.

Cosmos Hub is the first blockchain in the Cosmos ecosystem, providing security and interoperability infrastructure for the network through proof-of-stake consensus and IBC protocol support.

Cardano Blockchain is a proof-of-stake Layer 1 protocol using the Ouroboros consensus mechanism, supporting smart contracts through the EUTXO model and native multi-asset functionality. The system processes transactions through epoch-based slot leadership selection while maintaining decentralized validation across stake pools.

XRP Ledger is a decentralized L1 blockchain that processes transactions through consensus protocol, enabling fast settlements in 3-5 seconds. The system supports native token issuance, built-in DEX functionality, and cross-currency payments while maintaining energy efficiency through consensus validation.

Stellar Network is a layer-1 blockchain network providing a framework for developers to create applications, issue assets, write smart contracts, and connect to existing financial rails with fast finality and real-time transaction processing. Protocol 25 (X-Ray) added native zero-knowledge cryptographic primitives BN254 elliptic curve and Poseidon/Poseidon2 hash functions enabling developers to build compliance-forward, privacy-preserving applications without compromising network transparency.

Gnosis Chain is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 network designed to onboard local currency stablecoins, using xDAI as its native gas token for sub-cent transaction fees. Validators stake GNO to secure the network, with base fees partially used to buy back and burn GNO, while governance is managed by GnosisDAO through GNO token voting. The chain provides fiat on/off-ramps and hosts blue-chip DeFi protocols to support stablecoin utility across global markets.

Hyperliquid L1 is a blockchain built for on-chain trading. It helps users execute trades efficiently by integrating an order book into the network.

NEAR Blockchain is a sharded Layer 1 protocol implementing Nightshade consensus for parallel transaction processing across multiple validator-operated shards. The network utilizes Doomslug consensus mechanism providing practical finality after one communication round and full BFT finality after two rounds. Smart contracts execute via WebAssembly runtime supporting JavaScript and Rust languages, with 30% of transaction fees rebated to contract developers and 70% burned to reduce supply.

Berachain Network implements EVM-identical execution through BeaconKit consensus layer, enabling single-slot finality and Proof-of-Liquidity validation. The system coordinates validator incentives with liquidity provision while maintaining full Ethereum compatibility.

The Algorand mainnet processes transactions and executes smart contracts with instant finality through Pure Proof-of-Stake consensus. The network eliminates forks by design, settling transactions in seconds with low fees. Validators participate permissionlessly while the protocol maintains energy efficiency and supports post-quantum cryptographic standards.

Public, open-source, and permissionless blockchain with high speed and low fees.

Sonic is an EVM-compatible L1 blockchain that achieves 400,000 TPS with sub-second finality through advanced consensus mechanisms, database storage optimization, and virtual machine enhancements. The platform includes Fee Monetization allowing developers to earn up to 90% of generated network fees.

Hedera Network operates a public distributed ledger using hashgraph consensus with integrated services for smart contract execution, native token management, consensus timestamping, and file storage. The network implements EVM-compatible smart contracts through Besu virtual machine, enables token creation without contracts through Hedera Token Service supporting ERC-20 and ERC-721 standards, provides decentralized message ordering through Hedera Consensus Service, and offers distributed file storage with controlled mutability. Transactions process through leaderless consensus using gossip-about-gossip protocol and virtual voting to achieve asynchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance with proof-of-stake validation.

Pulsar Chain is a Layer 1 blockchain that integrates zero-knowledge proof capabilities from Mina Protocol with the Cosmos SDK to extend ZK-based verification across interconnected networks. The implementation covers Mina-native proving, public-key mappings, and transaction flows embedding Mina signatures into Cosmos SDK payloads. A bridge module connects to the Cosmos ecosystem and, through IBC, to a wider range of assets and applications.

Monad is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain with high throughput and sub‑second finality. It uses parallel execution, asynchronous consensus, and a custom state database to improve performance while keeping Ethereum bytecode compatibility.

Tezos implements a self-amending blockchain through on-chain governance, enabling protocol upgrades without hard forks. The system uses Proof of Stake consensus while supporting formal verification for smart contracts.

GateChain implements proof-of-stake consensus for digital asset transfers with vault account functionality and transaction revocability features. The network processes up to 2,745 transactions per second with 4-second block times using GT for transaction fees and staking.

Substrate-based blockchain implementing Yuma Consensus for AI incentive mechanisms, enabling decentralized subnet coordination and TAO token emissions through stake-weighted validation of machine intelligence outputs.

Moonbeam is an Ethereum-compatible L1 parachain on Polkadot for deploying smart contracts with cross-chain interoperability.

Kava Network is a Layer-1 blockchain that combines a Cosmos SDK chain and an EVM-compatible Ethereum Co-Chain so developers can deploy smart-contract applications that access both Cosmos IBC assets and Ethereum tooling.

Filecoin Network is a Layer 1 blockchain that enables decentralized data storage through economic incentives, connecting storage providers with clients via cryptographic proofs and smart contracts.

Dash Core is a Layer 1 blockchain through X11 algorithm and two-tier architecture, enabling instant verification and secure transactions. The system utilizes ChainLocks and InstantSend for fast settlement while maintaining security through masternode consensus.

Plume Chain is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain engineered for real-world asset tokenization and DeFi integration. The protocol provides modular infrastructure supporting automated compliance screening at the sequencer level, native cross-chain messaging via LayerZero integration, and composable tokenized asset deployment through standardized ERC-4626 and ERC-7540 vault architectures for institutional RWA strategies.

The core EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain platform that provides 1-second block times, 4,000 TPS capacity, and immediate finality. It serves as the foundational infrastructure for the entire ecosystem.

Witnet Protocol is a layer 1 Proof of Stake blockchain purpose-built for oracle functionality, enabling validator nodes to retrieve external data, reach consensus, and deliver information to smart contracts on multiple blockchain platforms through bridge connections. The blockchain maintains short block time with economic incentives where validators stake WIT tokens to participate in block production and data request resolution, earning rewards for accurate reporting while risking slashed collateral for dishonest behavior. The network employs cryptographic commitments and algorithmic reputation scoring to ensure data integrity, with validators competing for assignments based on past performance and staked collateral.

Wanchain L1 operates as an EVM-compatible Proof of Stake blockchain using Galaxy Consensus mechanism, providing the foundation for cross-chain infrastructure while supporting smart contracts and privacy features through ring signatures.

Converge is a blockchain settlement layer for traditional finance and digital dollars, enabling tokenized asset issuance and institutional-grade financial applications. The platform features sub-second block times through Arbitrum Orbit architecture and uses USDe and other digital dollar assets as native gas tokens.

A Layer‑1 blockchain optimized for DePIN and real‑world AI, enabling secure settlement and transactions between machines and physical networks.

Plasma is a layer 1 blockchain designed for stablecoin payments, featuring zero-fee USD₮ transfers, custom gas tokens, and confidential transactions. The network uses PlasmaBFT consensus to process thousands of transactions per second with sub-second finality, enabling developers to build payment applications with full EVM compatibility.

XDC Network is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain for decentralized applications, trade finance, and real-world asset tokenization. It uses delegated proof-of-stake and provides fast, low-cost transactions.

Router Chain is a Proof-of-Stake Layer-1 blockchain built using Cosmos SDK with Tendermint Byzantine Fault Tolerant consensus, designed to enable secure cross-chain communication and interoperability. The blockchain validates state changes both within and outside its network through validator nodes with economic incentives, supporting CosmWasm smart contracts for building cross-chain decentralized applications. Router Chain provides infrastructure for cross-chain meta transactions, stateful bridging, transaction batching, and atomic operations across multiple blockchain networks, serving developers building interoperable dApps and users requiring multi-chain functionality.

KCC implements Proof of Staked Authority consensus through optimized block validation, enabling high-performance transaction processing with 3-second confirmations. The system supports Ethereum Virtual Machine compatibility while maintaining low transaction costs using KCS as native gas token.

Alchemy Chain is a Layer 1 blockchain designed for stablecoin-driven global payments, featuring fixed ACH gas fees, FIFO transaction processing, and on-chain conversion rates for cross-border remittances.

Whitechain is an EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain platform built on go-ethereum protocol with Proof of Authority consensusm providing smart contract execution and dApp development infrastructure.

A public, proof-of-stake Layer 1 blockchain optimized for institutional-grade real-world assets. Features RWA staking for network security, enshrined oracles, permissioned validators, and native cross-chain bridging capabilities.

Shentu Chain is an L1 chain with delegated proof-of-stake consensus through Cosmos SDK architecture, providing security-focused blockchain infrastructure for decentralized applications. The system processes transactions while maintaining cross-chain interoperability through formal verification integration.

Pythnet is an application-specific blockchain built on Solana codebase that aggregates first-party price data at sub-second speeds for the Pyth oracle network. The blockchain processes price updates from data publishers and delivers aggregated pricing to other blockchains via Wormhole cross-chain messaging protocol. Pythnet enables price feed scaling to tens of thousands of updates per second with 400ms slot times.

Mixin Network operates as a layer-1 blockchain using PoS consensus with BFT-DAG architecture, enabling cross-chain asset transfers and sub-second transaction finality. The network supports multiple blockchains through trusted execution environments while maintaining zero transaction fees.

BandChain is a blockchain built using the Cosmos SDK and optimized for oracle data requests and computations. The network uses delegated proof-of-stake consensus with validators staking BAND tokens to secure the network and process data requests. BandChain achieves average block finality of 3 seconds and resolves data requests in under 6 seconds through its specialized architecture for oracle operations.