List of L2 companies in Web3 (2026)

opBNB is a Layer 2 scaling solution powered by Optimism OP Stack bedrock version, processing transactions off-chain while maintaining BNB Smart Chain security through optimistic rollups to achieve higher throughput and lower fees.

Polygon PoS is an L2 proof-of-stake network that enables fast, low-cost Ethereum-compatible transactions. It targets developers and applications requiring high throughput with EVM compatibility, supporting DeFi, payments, and consumer Web3 use cases.

Arbitrum One operates as an optimistic rollup chain that processes transactions off-chain and posts data to Ethereum L1, enabling EVM-compatible smart contracts with reduced gas costs and faster execution while maintaining Ethereum's security guarantees.

Base Chain is an Ethereum L2 built on the OP Stack that delivers sub-second, sub-cent transactions for trading, stablecoin payments, and AI agent applications. The chain supports EVM-compatible smart contracts, native account abstraction, and fault-proof security.

Sun Network is a DPoS sidechain scaling solution for TRON that provides lower energy consumption and enhanced transaction processing. The system supports unlimited capacity expansion while maintaining compatibility with TRON mainnet protocols.

OP Mainnet provides Layer 2 scaling for Ethereum through optimistic rollup technology, enabling faster and cheaper transactions while maintaining Ethereum security. The network processes transactions off-chain and submits batched data to Ethereum for settlement.

Starknet is a Layer 2 ZK-rollup network on Ethereum that batches transactions off-chain and submits STARK validity proofs to Ethereum for finalization. The rollup inherits Ethereum security through cryptographic proof verification rather than economic challenge windows, enabling fast withdrawals once a proof is published. The network features native account abstraction, parallel execution, and Cairo as the smart contract language.

Unichain is a DeFi-native Ethereum Layer 2 built on the OP Stack, delivering 1-second block times and cross-chain liquidity access. The network operates as a Stage 1 rollup with permissionless fault proofs and features TEE-based block building for transparent transaction ordering and revert protection.

Celo is an Ethereum Layer 2 blockchain built on the OP Stack, using EigenDA v2 for data availability and Succinct SP1 zkEVM for zero-knowledge proof verification. Transactions settle to Ethereum with one-block finality and sub-cent fees, while fee abstraction allows gas payment in supported ERC-20 tokens. The network supports stablecoin payments, DeFi, and AI agent infrastructure for high-frequency real-world transactions.

Linea Mainnet is a zkEVM layer 2 rollup that executes transactions off-chain and submits zero-knowledge proofs to Ethereum, enabling scalable execution while maintaining security through Ethereum's consensus layer.

HyperEVM is an Ethereum-compatible execution layer embedded within Hyperliquid L1, enabling developers to deploy Solidity smart contracts that interact directly with Hyperliquid's native order books and trading infrastructure. The system uses HyperBFT consensus for security and features a dual-block architecture combining HyperBlocks and MacroBlocks for optimized performance.

ZKsync Era is a blockchain platform for running automated agreements at lower cost. It helps users build and use apps by offering faster transactions through Ethereum scaling.

Cronos zkEVM is a ZK layer-2 blockchain network secured by Ethereum, built on the ZKsync ZK Stack. It uses zero-knowledge proofs to batch transactions and post validity proofs to Ethereum for settlement. The chain features zkCRO as its native yield-bearing gas token, backed by staked CRO, and connects to Ethereum through a native bridge for ERC-20 token transfers.

Mantle Network is an EVM-compatible L2 that combines rollups with modular data availability to reduce gas fees and increase throughput while relying on Ethereum security.

X Layer is a zero-knowledge Ethereum Layer 2 scaling solution built using Polygon's Chain Development Kit. The network provides low-cost transactions, maintains Ethereum compatibility, and uses OKB as its native gas token.

Automata Mainnet is an OP Stack rollup Layer 2 on Ethereum that serves as the settlement and execution layer for Automata's attestation infrastructure. Built with a two-second block time and deployed via AltLayer, it hosts DCAP attestation smart contracts enabling onchain verification of Intel SGX and TDX hardware reports. The chain uses ATA as its native currency and provides an EVM-compatible execution environment with Chain ID 65536.

Fraxtal is an EVM-compatible L2 blockchain using OP stack technology with FRAX as gas token, featuring blockspace incentives called Flox that reward users and developers with FXTL points.

The Lightning Network is a peer-to-peer payment network. It leverages payment channels anchored on the Bitcoin blockchain to enable near instant and low-cost settlement of bitcoin between participants. Multiple such payment channels are chained together to deliver payments to anyone in the network without requiring trust in participants.

Scroll Chain provides bytecode-level Ethereum compatibility through zero-knowledge rollup technology, enabling developers to deploy existing smart contracts without modifications while offering faster transaction processing and reduced costs. The platform includes community rewards through the Sessions program and comprehensive developer support via the Scroll Open builder program.

Gate Layer implements Ethereum Layer 2 scaling through OP Stack architecture with GateChain as settlement layer. The network achieves over 5,700 transactions per second with 1-second block times while using GT as the gas token.

Ink is an Ethereum Layer 2 blockchain built on the OP Stack and part of the Superchain, designed to serve as the house of DeFi. The network features sub-second block times, low gas fees, sequencer-level security, and interoperability across the Superchain ecosystem.

Liquid Network is a bitcoin layer-2 sidechain that enables rapid, confidential settlement and issuance of digital assets such as stablecoins and security tokens.

Neura is a EVM-compatible Layer 1 blockchain using the Hyperledger Besu client and QBFT consensus mechanism. The system delivers instant finality and deterministic execution for AI and DeFi applications while introducing RPCfi, a mechanism that transforms infrastructure usage into on-chain yield.

XDC Subnets is a Layer 2 infrastructure solution enabling deployment of sovereign, privacy-preserving sidechains that inherit security from XDC mainnet. Organizations can launch dedicated blockchain environments with custom validator nodes and enhanced permissions within 10 minutes, while block headers periodically publish to mainnet for security anchoring.

Rootstock is an EVM-compatible Bitcoin sidechain through merged mining consensus, enabling smart contract execution with RBTC as the native gas token. The system maintains a two-way peg with Bitcoin through the PowPeg mechanism while providing 30-second block times and enhanced transaction throughput.

Zora Network is a Layer 2 blockchain built on OP Stack, providing fast and cost-effective NFT minting and media transactions secured by Ethereum.

HashKey Chain is an Ethereum Layer 2 network using OP Stack technology and ZK-proof verification, providing low-cost transactions with HSK token as native currency and gas token.

Okto Chain is a Layer 2 blockchain solution designed to abstract blockchain complexity through unified wallet, transaction, and liquidity layers across multiple blockchain networks.

Presto is a blockchain deployment platform that enables Layer 2 and Layer 3 rollup deployment in minutes with over 35 customizations, supporting various Web3 software stacks.

World Chain is an Ethereum Layer 2 network built on the OP Stack that prioritizes verified humans through native World ID integration and gas allowances for authenticated users. The blockchain implements priority mempool allocation for World ID holders to reduce bot traffic, achieves approximately 2-second block times with gas costs under a few cents for simple transactions, and maintains full EVM compatibility with Optimism Superchain composability for cross-chain interoperability.

Morph L2 is an optimistic zkEVM architecture with decentralized sequencer networks, functioning as a settlement layer for stablecoin payments on Ethereum. The system combines optimistic rollup efficiency with ZK proof security through responsive validity proofs, maintaining full EVM compatibility. It supports EIP-7702 enabling BGB-denominated gas payments and the MorphTx transaction type for optimized payment transaction processing.

Movement Network is a modular layer-2 blockchain settling to Ethereum, using Move Virtual Machine to enhance security and transaction speed. The platform supports both MoveVM and EVM bytecode execution, providing compatibility with existing Ethereum applications while enabling developers to leverage advanced Move language features with Fast Finality Settlement for rapid transaction confirmations.

Stacks Blockchain provides Layer-2 scaling for Bitcoin through Proof of Transfer consensus, enabling smart contracts and decentralized applications. The system anchors to Bitcoin blocks while supporting Clarity smart contracts and cross-chain Bitcoin interactions.

Metis Andromeda is an Ethereum Layer 2 blockchain using optimistic rollups and decentralized sequencers for scalable transaction processing. The network supports EVM compatibility with reduced gas fees and faster finality times.

Zircuit is a zero-knowledge rollup technology with hybrid architecture combining Optimism Bedrock with ZK proofs and AI security monitoring, enabling EVM-compatible smart contract execution and automated malicious transaction prevention. The system processes transactions at reduced costs while maintaining Ethereum-level security through real-time AI analysis at the sequencer level.

Lisk L2 is an optimistic rollup blockchain built on the OP Stack that inherits security from Ethereum while providing near-zero transaction fees and EVM compatibility. The network enables developers to build and scale applications for emerging markets with average fees under $0.01 and seamless interoperability across the Superchain ecosystem.

Katana Network is DeFi-optimized Layer 2 architecture using Agglayer CDK OP Stack with ZK proof validation, concentrating liquidity across core protocols Morpho, Sushi, and Vertex. The system routes multiple yield sources including sequencer fees, VaultBridge returns, and stablecoin revenues to maximize user returns while maintaining deep liquidity through chain-owned reserves.

Vision Chain implements an Ethereum Layer 2 rollup designed for regulated tokenized assets and institutional compliance. The system features onchain KYC, token-level control policies, custody tooling for financial institutions, and specialized infrastructure for real-world asset tokenization and stablecoin deployment.

BOB (Build on Bitcoin) Mainnet is an Ethereum optimistic rollup utilizing the OP Stack framework while integrating Bitcoin security through BTC staking and BitVM fraud proofs. The network enables EVM-compatible smart contracts with Bitcoin-secured bridges, supporting over 350 Ethereum wallets and providing infrastructure for decentralized applications that utilize native Bitcoin as collateral through trust-minimized bridging mechanisms.

IOTA EVM is a Layer 2 EVM-compatible chain interoperable with the IOTA Mainnet, enabling deployment of Ethereum-style smart contracts with scalable execution.

Robinhood Chain is a permissionless Ethereum Layer-2 blockchain built on Arbitrum Orbit technology, designed to support tokenized real-world assets including equities, ETFs, and private assets. The network enables 24/7 trading, self-custody functionality, and seamless integration with DeFi protocols while maintaining compatibility with standard Ethereum development tools.

Luganodes zkRaaS is a zero-knowledge rollup deployment with automated infrastructure provisioning, facilitating custom Layer 2 creation with integrated proof generation capabilities.

Manta Pacific operates as an Ethereum Layer-2 optimistic rollup utilizing OP Stack architecture with Celestia modular data availability to reduce gas costs for zero-knowledge application deployment. The network supports EVM-compatible smart contracts while providing Universal Circuits enabling Solidity developers to integrate ZK functionality without custom cryptographic implementation. Transactions settle to Ethereum mainnet with block times of approximately 2 seconds.

EigenLayer is a restaking protocol that lets users stake ETH and EIGEN to secure offchain services and earn rewards.

B² Network is a Bitcoin Layer 2 with EVM compatibility and ZK security for fast, low-cost transactions and Bitcoin-backed applications.

Unchained is an AVS Layer 2 built on Arbitrum Orbit and MoveVM coordinating TSS wallet state management, identity attestation, and fine-grained permissioning for BestPath AVS operations with Celestia data availability and IBC protocol integration.

Mode Mainnet is an Optimistic Rollup Layer 2 blockchain implementing the OP Stack framework on Ethereum, enabling low-cost transaction execution and smart contract deployment for decentralized applications with fraud proof security mechanisms.

Fuse Network is an EVM-compatible Layer-2 blockchain that provides fast and cost-effective transaction processing for businesses and consumers. The network implements scaling solutions to reduce transaction costs while maintaining security through its L2 architecture.

Aurora is an EVM-compatible Layer 2 protocol deployed as a smart contract on NEAR Protocol, running the Aurora Engine powered by SputnikVM. The protocol supports Solidity-based contract deployment with ETH as the base transaction currency, inheriting NEAR's validator network and sharding infrastructure. NEP-141 to ERC-20 token mapping enables cross-standard token transfers between NEAR and Aurora, and additional precompiles support cross-chain interactions.

SOON Mainnet implements SVM rollup architecture through optimistic fraud proofs, enabling Solana-level performance on Ethereum settlement. The system processes over 30,000 TPS while maintaining sub-$0.01 transaction costs through decoupled execution layers.

Hyperbridge Parachain is a Polkadot parachain operating with ParaId 3367 and chainId 'nexus' on mainnet. Block candidates are produced by collators and submitted with proofs to Polkadot relay chain validators, which re-execute state transitions to confirm correctness. Finality is inherited from the Polkadot relay chain through this validation process. Each collator additionally runs an in-node fisherman task that monitors connected L2 state across multiple independent RPC providers, submitting a veto when providers disagree on L2 state before Hyperbridge commits to that height. Collator selection is determined by a reputation asset accumulated through prior relayer and prover contributions, with each authored block rewarding the collator 0.7 BRIDGE from the network treasury.

Eclipse Mainnet is a Layer-2 blockchain solution integrating Solana's speed with Ethereum's security, designed for efficient and scalable decentralized applications.

Bitlayer Mainnet is a Layer 2 solution built on Bitcoin, aimed at enhancing scalability and transaction efficiency while maintaining Bitcoin's security standards. It enables low-cost transactions, smart contract functionality, and cross-chain interoperability, supporting decentralized finance (DeFi) applications and micropayments. The mainnet is designed for developers and users seeking to expand Bitcoin's utility beyond simple value transfer.

Astar zkEVM was a Layer 2 scaling solution using Polygon's zero-knowledge technology and Chain Development Kit for off-chain transaction execution with Ethereum finality. The platform offered EVM equivalence and native account abstraction while connecting to Polygon's AggLayer for cross-chain operations. As of March 2025, Astar zkEVM has been deprecated and is no longer accessible.

Hemi is an EVM-compatible Layer 2 network that makes Bitcoin programmable by combining Bitcoin's Proof-of-Work security with Ethereum-grade smart contract execution. Its dual-layer architecture pairs the Hemi Virtual Machine (hVM), which wraps a Bitcoin node inside an EVM runtime, with the Hemi Bitcoin Kit (hBK), allowing Solidity contracts to read and verify native Bitcoin state including UTXOs, block headers, and balances. Blocks are anchored to Bitcoin via Proof-of-Proof (PoP) consensus, enabling developers to deploy Bitcoin-aware applications without bridges or wrapped assets.

Namechain is a Layer 2 blockchain designed for onchain identity, built using Linea's zkEVM as a based rollup that inherits security from Ethereum. The blockchain enables cross-chain name resolution, instant finality for domain registration, and cost-effective identity management across multiple blockchain networks.

The current Taiko mainnet, a fully decentralized Type-1 ZK-EVM based rollup using Ethereum validators for sequencing. Alethia provides full Ethereum compatibility with multi-proof validation (SGX + ZK) and recently upgraded preconfirmation support for 2-second block times.

Berry Chain is a blockchain for AI interaction verification using BLOB-based architecture to store cryptographically hashed proofs of AI-generated prompts and responses. The system produces immutable, tamper-proof records while preserving user privacy through cryptographic techniques. BERRY serves as the native gas token, and all activity is accessible via a public block explorer built on Aurora infrastructure.

A Layer 2 blockchain implementing heterogeneous node architecture with specialized sequencer nodes executing transactions through in-memory state management. The protocol uses Optimistic Rollup design with EigenDA for data availability and Ethereum mainnet for security settlement. The system achieves 10-millisecond block times and targets 100,000 transactions per second through custom state tree designs and parallel execution capabilities.

Ztarknet is a Starknet-style Layer 2 that settles to Zcash L1 using Circle STARK proofs verified through a Transparent Zcash Extension (TZE). The sequencer runs Madara and executes Cairo programs, with state transitions proved by Stwo and anchored to Zcash consensus via a single built-in TZE verifier rule. This design enables general-purpose smart contracts and confidential DeFi to inherit Zcash's base-layer privacy without a multisig bridge.

Metal L2 implements Ethereum scaling through Optimism rollup technology, enabling BSA-compliant DeFi operations with traditional banking integrations. The system connects banks and payment partners while maintaining Layer 0 interoperability through Metal Blockchain, and includes native Metal Dollar stablecoin infrastructure, bridge functionality for Ethereum deposits/withdrawals, and blockchain explorer tools

Soneium Mainnet is an Ethereum Layer 2 blockchain implementing optimistic rollup technology through the OP Stack, processing transactions off-chain before batch settlement on Ethereum for reduced costs and increased throughput. The network provides EVM-compatible infrastructure for developers building applications across entertainment, gaming, and finance sectors, while maintaining Ethereum's security guarantees through its settlement layer integration.

Fuel Ignition is an Ethereum layer-2 rollup that uses the FuelVM for parallel transaction execution, supporting over 600 TPS with sub-cent transaction costs and 1-second block times.

Turbo Chain is a dedicated virtual chain for TURBO, built using Aurora's Virtual Chain technology, offering speed, scalability, and customization for the TURBO ecosystem.

M0 Protocol implements a coordination system through smart contracts, enabling permissioned Minters to generate stablecoins backed by eligible collateral. The system enforces on-chain rules while maintaining decentralized governance through the Two Token Governor mechanism.

Zeta X is a Solana-based L2 for decentralized derivatives trading. It offers high throughput (10,000 TPS), low latency, and 50x leverage using zk-proofs and optimistic rollups.

Paradex Chain is a Layer 2 blockchain built on Starknet that serves as the settlement and execution layer for the Paradex exchange. It provides RPC endpoints for developers to interact with the network and supports both mainnet and testnet environments.

Spark is a Bitcoin Layer 2 protocol that enables wallet development and stablecoin issuance with native Bitcoin support. The system provides developer tools and infrastructure for building self-custodial wallets and launching digital assets on Bitcoin.

Codex Chain is an EVM-equivalent Layer 2 blockchain purpose-built for stablecoin-native payments, FX, and settlement. The system optimizes fee design, gas abstraction, liquidity, and custody specifically for stablecoin applications while settling on Ethereum for security.

Etherlink is an optimistic rollup on Tezos Smart Rollup technology that provides EVM-compatible execution with sub‑second soft confirmations. The network is permissionless, allowing participants to run nodes, post commitments, and challenge state transitions while inheriting Layer 1 security and enabling decentralized governance.

Vara.eth is an application platform built on Ethereum that provides real-time parallel compute for dApps. It uses Gear's WASM-based execution engine with the Actor model, a decentralized validator consensus instead of a centralized sequencer, and a reverse-gas model where applications pay for execution. Security is provided through liquid restaking via Symbiotic Protocol and VARA token staking.

Lens Chain is a Layer 2 network built on ZKsync's ZK Stack with Avail for data availability, secured by Ethereum. It uses GHO as the native gas token, with account abstraction providing gasless and signless transactions. The architecture supports three deployment phases: Validium (Seed), DA-enabled (Grow), and Volition (Bloom), enabling configurable security trade-offs across social and financial transaction types. Chain ID is 232 with a public RPC at rpc.lens.xyz.

Reya Network is an L2 blockchain built on Arbitrum Orbit that optimizes DeFi trading through shared liquidity pools, unified margin accounts, and FIFO transaction ordering. The network provides 100ms block times, gasless transactions, and cross-collateralization capabilities for enhanced capital efficiency.

XHITO is a dedicated blockchain with a humanity-driven consensus mechanism.

Reddio Network is a ZK-rollup Layer 2 on Ethereum with a GPU-accelerated parallel EVM that executes transactions concurrently across multiple CPU and GPU threads. It is EVM-bytecode compatible, enabling deployment of existing Solidity contracts without modification. The network targets DeFi, gaming, and on-chain AI workloads with a chain ID of 50342.

Rarimo ZK Rollup is a Layer 2 blockchain solution that inherits security from Ethereum while providing scalability and privacy for identity applications. The rollup aggregates transactions off-chain and submits cryptographic proofs to the Ethereum mainnet, enabling efficient processing of ZK Registry data with reduced costs.

Mantis Protocol implements an intent-processing system on a Solana Virtual Machine rollup, where a network of solvers compete to find optimal execution paths for cross-domain transactions. The protocol features native IBC capabilities for secure interchain communication, delivering improved pricing and MEV protection across multiple blockchains.

Sonic SVM is an atomic Solana Virtual Machine chain for blockchain gaming infrastructure. The network operates through its HyperGrid framework enabling horizontal scaling across dedicated gaming-specific execution environments while maintaining atomic settlement with Solana. The architecture includes Sorada for optimized read operations delivering response times as low as 5ms, and Rush Entity-Component-System framework that generates smart contracts from declarative configuration files.

Billions Chain is an EVM-compatible Layer 2 network operated by Billions Network, built on the Polygon CDK stack and connected to Agglayer for cross-chain interoperability. The chain serves as the settlement layer for the Billions identity registry, agent identity NFT contracts, the BILL token, and the public attestations registry. A Blockscout-based block explorer provides transaction visibility and contract verification.

Immutable Chain is a Layer 2 blockchain built on Ethereum for gaming applications. Processes transactions on-chain and posts validity proofs to Ethereum, providing EVM compatibility with chain ID 13371 and approximately two-second block finality. Gas fees for players are covered through a gas sponsorship layer integrated with Immutable Passport. Supports Solidity smart contracts up to version 0.8.28 and provides native SDKs for Unity and Unreal Engine. IMX is the native gas token used for transaction fees and staking.

Doma Protocol is a DNS-compliant Layer 2 blockchain for domain tokenization, enabling fractional ownership and DeFi liquidity for traditional and Web3 domains. The protocol implements domain tokenization, fractionalization, compliance, bridging, custodian, and composer modules to transform domains into programmable digital assets. Doma maintains authoritative records of tokenized domains while supporting cross-chain interoperability via LayerZero and data availability through Celestia.

KiiChain implements a CometBFT-based EVM-compatible blockchain providing payment settlement infrastructure for emerging markets. The system supports up to 12,000 TPS with 1-second block times while enabling RWA tokenization and cross-chain interoperability across multiple blockchain ecosystems.

Botanix is a Bitcoin Layer 2 blockchain that provides EVM compatibility through the Spiderchain protocol, enabling smart contracts and DeFi applications while maintaining Bitcoin's security properties. The system uses a federated model with 16 trusted operators managing Bitcoin custody through multisig wallets. Features include Bitcoin Yield for liquid staking with stBTC tokens and Bitcoin 2100, an immersive gaming experience for ecosystem exploration.

BitTorrent Chain (BTTC) is a Layer-2 PoS blockchain built on a three-layer architecture — an execution layer, a consensus delivery layer, and contracts on parent chains — enabling EVM-compatible smart contract execution with cross-chain interoperability across Ethereum, TRON, and BNB Chain. The protocol processes transactions through independent validators using Proof-of-Stake consensus, with BTT as the native gas and governance token. Asset bridging across heterogeneous blockchain networks is facilitated through a cross-chain bridge with decentralized relayers.

Gravity Alpha Mainnet is an Ethereum Layer 2 rollup built on Arbitrum Nitro stack, serving as the initial deployment phase for testing cross-chain settlements and integrating Galxe ecosystem products. Features native canonical bridging for G, DAI, and WBTC tokens with LiFi-powered multi-token routing for broader asset support.

Boba Network is a layer 2 optimistic rollup built on Ethereum that provides EVM-compatible execution with lower fees and higher transaction throughput. The network is based on the Optimism Bedrock codebase (Boba Anchorage upgrade) and includes Hybrid Compute, a feature that allows smart contracts to make direct API calls to off-chain services and run computations outside the chain, with results returned on-chain. ERC-4337 account abstraction is supported natively through a bundler, enabling smart contract accounts, paymaster-sponsored gas, and configurable transaction validation. Transaction fees can be paid in ETH or BOBA.

Kinto's Layer 2 solution, built on the Arbitrum Nitro Stack, provides secure and compliant access to decentralized finance (DeFi) and real-world assets (RWA) with features like KYC compliance and account abstraction for enhanced safety and usability.

Hydra is a Layer 2 scaling solution implementing isomorphic state channels for increased transaction throughput on Cardano. The protocol enables off-chain transaction processing through Hydra Heads while maintaining security guarantees and settlement on the main blockchain.

EDGE Stack operates as an app-specific execution layer using modular multi-VM architecture with deterministic parallel transaction execution for high-performance trading infrastructure. The system combines edgeVM for perpetual futures logic and edgeEVM for standard DeFi operations, featuring FlashLane quality-of-service routing and parallel merklization for state verification while settling to Ethereum for security guarantees.

Runes Exchange Environment (REE) implements Turing-complete smart contracts for Bitcoin through a decentralized execution layer using ICP Chain Fusion technology. The system enables composable DeFi applications while maintaining Bitcoin-native custody and user experience.

GIWA Chain is an Ethereum Layer 2 blockchain built on the OP Stack, executing transactions through Optimistic Rollup architecture with 1-second block times. The system supports EVM-compatible smart contracts while enabling developers to deploy applications using existing Solidity tools and frameworks.

Bullet Network implements a ZK rollup through modular sequencing and trust-minimized Solana settlement, enabling ultra-low latency on-chain trading with transaction verification via fraud proofs while maintaining decentralized security.

Citrea implements a Type 2 zkEVM rollup using Bitcoin as settlement and data availability layer, enabling EVM-compatible smart contracts secured by zero-knowledge proofs. The system processes transaction batches through recursive ZK proofs while maintaining trust-minimized bridging via BitVM.

XRPL EVM Sidechain is an Ethereum-compatible blockchain built with the Cosmos SDK and CometBFT, enabling Solidity applications within the XRP Ledger ecosystem. It uses XRP for gas, connects to XRPL and other chains via Axelar and IBC, and delivers low fees with fast finality.

Inveniam Chain is a Layer 2 blockchain built on MANTRA Chain designed for the management and trading of private real estate assets. It connects agentic asset surveillance through Proof of Origin, Proof of State, and Proof of Process to DeFi ecosystems. The initial phase targets global commercial real estate derivatives trading.

OP_NET is a consensus layer on Bitcoin Layer 1 that enables smart contract deployment and execution without modifying Bitcoin's base protocol. Developers write contracts in AssemblyScript or Rust, compile to WebAssembly, and deploy them via standard Bitcoin Taproot transactions with contract bytecode embedded in witness fields. Contracts execute in a deterministic virtual machine called OP_VM, with state organized into five-block epochs (~50 minutes). Gas fees are paid in BTC with no separate token required. The protocol uses an SHA-1 near-collision mining system for reward distribution and time-delayed attestations to achieve deterministic state finality across nodes. Contract addresses use a P2OP format derived from the deployer's public key, a random salt, and the bytecode hash.

Aztec 3 is a Layer 2 solution that uses zero-knowledge technology to provide private transaction capabilities on Ethereum while maintaining public verifiability and security.

BadChain Alphanet is the first memeable appchain on Solana, processing transactions with integrated raffle mechanics. The system converts every transaction into raffle entries for weekly prize distributions while maintaining standard blockchain functionality. The appchain architecture enables gamified interactions without compromising transaction speed or security.

Rome L2s is a stack for deploying EVM Layer 2s and EVM dApps on Solana, giving users Solana’s speed and costs while enabling interaction with SPL and ERC‑20 assets. It lets teams choose EVM implementations and run familiar Ethereum tooling to launch customizable environments and access multi‑chain liquidity.